زکات

5.جالب است بدانید که مقدار زکات در قرآن نیامده است و ما در مقدار درصد آن پیرو ابراهیم هستیم. در تورات بارها و بدون استثناء مقدار زکات ، ده درصد تعیین شده است. اما علمای مسلمان متاسفانه آن را دو و نیم درصد (یا یک چهلم) در نظر گرفته اند. در حالیکه بعضی از فقهای اولیه اسلام مثل ابوحنیفه، مقدار زکات را ده درصد ذکر کرده است. این نشان میدهد که حتی بین مسلمانان سنتی هم اختلاف بوده است و 2.5 درصد قطعی نیست. بیایید چند آیه در تورات را ذکر کنیم که مقدار زکات در آنها ده درصد تعیین شده است.

Genesis 14:20 ESV / 47 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

And blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand!” And Abram gave him a tenth of everything.

و مبارک باد نام مبارک خدا، او که دشمنانت را زیر دستان تو قرار داد و ابراهیم یک دهم اموالش را بخاطر خدا می بخشید

Genesis 28:20-22 ESV / 347 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God will be with me and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat and clothing to wear, so that I come again to my father's house in peace, then the Lord shall be my God, and this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be God's house. And of all that you give me I will give a full tenth to you.”

Hebrews 7:1-28 ESV / 121 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

For this Melchizedek, king of Salem, priest of the Most High God, met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, and to him Abraham apportioned a tenth part of everything. He is first, by translation of his name, king of righteousness, and then he is also king of Salem, that is, king of peace. He is without father or mother or genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but resembling the Son of God he continues a priest forever. See how great this man was to whom Abraham the patriarch gave a tenth of the spoils! And those descendants of Levi who receive the priestly office have a commandment in the law to take tithes from the people, that is, from their brothers, though these also are descended from Abraham. ...

Leviticus 27:30-33 ESV / 108 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

“Every tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land or of the fruit of the trees, is the Lord's; it is holy to the Lord. If a man wishes to redeem some of his tithe, he shall add a fifth to it. And every tithe of herds and flocks, every tenth animal of all that pass under the herdsman's staff, shall be holy to the Lord. One shall not differentiate between good or bad, neither shall he make a substitute for it; and if he does substitute for it, then both it and the substitute shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed.”

Leviticus 27:32 ESV / 32 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

And every tithe of herds and flocks, every tenth animal of all that pass under the herdsman's staff, shall be holy to the Lord.

Hebrews 7:4 ESV / 19 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

See how great this man was to whom Abraham the patriarch gave a tenth of the spoils!

Genesis 14:19-20 ESV / 15 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

And he blessed him and said, “Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth; and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand!” And Abram gave him a tenth of everything.

Genesis 28:22 ESV / 12 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful

And this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be God's house. And of all that you give me I will give a full tenth to you.”

همانطور که میبینید ، مقدار زکات ده درصد است و این را متاسفانه تا کنون ما اشتباه انجام میداده ایم. یعنی ده درصد درآمدتان را باید به گروههای مستحق زکات که در قرآن مشخص شده است باید داد. البته باید هزینه های کاری را از آن کسر کرد. منظور از هزینه های کاری، مخارج مسکن و پوشاک و خوراک نیست. بلکه هزینه های مربوط به شغل است؛ نظیر بیمه و مالیات و تعمیر قطعات و ... مابقی باید ده درصد از آن را برای خدا بخشش کرد.